Article 30

At-grade intersections and the obligation to yield the right of way

1. A driver approaching a level intersection must exercise special caution so as not to cause a hazard or obstruct traffic at the intersection, by adjusting the speed of their vehicle so that they can stop in time to allow vehicles with the right of way to pass.

2. Drivers are prohibited from entering the intersection, even if any traffic lights present permit it, when traffic volume is such that the driver may be forced to remain at the intersection.

3. A driver who has entered an intersection where traffic is controlled by traffic lights may exit the intersection even before the green light is given in the direction they intend to travel, provided that this does not obstruct the passage of other vehicles using the road and traveling in the open direction.

4. At intersections, right-of-way is indicated by appropriate signage.

5. At intersections without such signage, the right of way belongs to the driver approaching from the right. Exception:

a) Vehicles traveling on highways, national roads, and expressways have the right of way.

b) Drivers entering a road from a pedestrian walkway, dirt road, trail, private property adjacent to the road, parking areas, and fueling and service stations must yield the right of way to those traveling on the road.

(c) Drivers who are starting to move or backing up, where permitted, must yield the right of way.

(d) Rail vehicles have the right of way.

(e) Rail vehicles have the right of way.

6. Traffic light signals take precedence over road signs, which determine right-of-way.

7. Violations of paragraphs 1 through 6 are classified in category E3-B. Exceptions are violations of subparagraph (d) of paragraph 5, which are classified in category E3-B and category S, and of subparagraph (e) of paragraph 5, which is classified under category E4 and is subject to a fine of one thousand two hundred (1,200) euros and immediate suspension of the driver’s license for sixty (60) days.

8. In addition to the administrative penalties provided for in paragraph 7, violations of subparagraph (e) of paragraph 5 are punishable by imprisonment for at least one (1) year and a fine of up to two thousand (2,000) euros, provided that the act is not punishable by a more severe penalty under Article 291 of the Penal Code (Law 4619/2019, A’ 95) or under any other criminal provision.