Article 7

Road Markings with Signs

1. Road signs fall into the following categories:

a) Risk warnings (K), declarative:

(aa) hazardous locations, (ab) access points to road intersections, (ac) access points to at-grade railroad crossings or tramway crossings,

b) Traffic control signs (P), indicating: ba) right of way, bb) prohibitions or restrictions, bc) requirements.

c) Informational (I), declarative: ca) warning signs, cb) directional signs,

(g) useful information for vehicle drivers and (h) facilities. (d) Additional (Ad).

2. The hazard warning signs (K-1 through K-44) are installed to alert road users to hazards present on the road in the direction of their travel, so that they can take appropriate measures in a timely manner and, if necessary, reduce their speed to avoid them. The meanings of these signs are:

a) K-1a: Dangerous left turn. b) K-1d: Dangerous right turn. c) K-2a: Two dangerous opposite or consecutive (back-to-back) turns, the first of which is to the left.

d) K-2d: Two dangerous opposite or consecutive (back-to-back) turns, the first of which is to the right.

e) K-3: Dangerous downhill section (with a gradient as indicated on the sign).

(f) K-4: Steep uphill section (with a gradient as indicated on the sign).

(g) K-5: Dangerous narrowing of the roadway on both sides.

(h) K-6a: Dangerous narrowing of the roadway on the left side.

(i) K-6d: Dangerous narrowing of the roadway on the right side.

(i) K-7: Movable bridge.

(k) K-8: The road leads to a dock or riverbank. (l) K-9: Dangerous, uneven road surface in poor condition, with potholes, etc.

(m) K-10: Dangerous raised road surface or a sharp convex change in the road’s longitudinal gradient.

(j) K-11: Dangerous vertical groove (rut) or abrupt concave change in the longitudinal slope of the road. (k) K-12: Slippery road surface.

(f) K-13: Hazardous gravel ejection (unbound gravel).

(i) K-14: Danger from falling rocks and from their presence on the roadway. (i) K-15: Danger due to a pedestrian crossing. (j) K-16: Danger due to frequent movement of children (schools, playgrounds, etc.).

(k) K-17: Hazard due to frequent entry or passage of cyclists.

(ka) K-18: Danger from domestic animals crossing the road. (kb) K-19: Danger from wild animals crossing the road. (kc) K-20: Danger due to roadwork.

(kd) K-21: Caution: Intersection or location where traffic is controlled by a three-color traffic light.

(k) K-22: Hazard due to low-flying aircraft landing or taking off.

(f) K-23: Danger due to frequent strong winds (blowing in the direction indicated by the wind vane). (g) K-24: Advance notice of two-way traffic.

This sign indicates an upcoming entrance to a one-way street or to a section of road consisting of two lanes separated by direction with a median strip, on a section of road where traffic flows in both directions on the same roadway, either temporarily or permanently.

(k) K-25: Caution, other hazards (not indicated on signs K-1 through K-24).

(k) K-26: Caution: Intersection where the right-of-way rule applies.

(l) K-27: Intersection with a road on which drivers are required to yield the right of way.

(la) K-28a: Intersection with a perpendicular street on the left; drivers on the perpendicular street must yield the right of way.

(lb) K-28d: Intersection with a perpendicular road on the right; drivers on that road must yield the right of way.

(lg) K-29a: Intersection with a diagonal road on the left; drivers on that road must yield the right of way.

(ld) K-29d: Intersection with a diagonal road on the right; drivers on that road must yield the right of way.

(l) K-30: Approaching a mandatory roundabout. (m) K-31: Danger due to a level railroad crossing or a tramway crossing with movable barriers.

(lz) K-32: Hazard due to a level crossing without movable barriers.

(l) K-33, K-34, K-35: Additional warning signs at the approaches to at-grade railroad crossings or movable bridges, indicating that a crossing is approaching.

(l) K-36: Hazard due to the immediate proximity of a grade-level railroad crossing without movable barriers, a single-track railroad line, or a tramway crossing.

(m) K-37: Hazard due to the immediate proximity of a level crossing without movable barriers, di

a single or multiple railroad tracks or a railroad crossing.

(ma) K-38a: Dangerous slope on the left.

(mb) K-38d: Dangerous slope on the right.

(mg) K-39: Frequent traffic congestion.

(md) K-40: Tunnel.

(mst) K-42: Danger due to fog.

(m) K-43: Hazard due to parallel crosswalks for pedestrians and cyclists.

(m) K-44: Hazard due to shared crossings for pedestrians and cyclists.

3. Traffic control signs (P-1 through P-77) are posted to inform road users of specific obligations, restrictions, or prohibitions with which they must comply.

The meaning of these signs is as follows: a) P-1: Mandatory right of way. This sign means that at the intersection where it is posted, drivers must yield the right of way to vehicles traveling on the other road. b) P-2: Mandatory stop: ba) This sign, placed before an intersection, indicates that the vehicle must come to a complete stop before entering the intersection and yield the right of way to vehicles traveling on the road it is approaching.

(bb) This same sign, when placed at locations other than except at an intersection, indicates that the vehicle must come to a complete stop at the sign’s location and must not proceed until the driver is certain that it is safe to do so. c) P-3: Right-of-way road. d) P-4: End of right-of-way road. e) P-5: Right of way for oncoming traffic due to narrow roadway.

(f) P-6: Right of way over oncoming traffic (due to narrow roadway). (g) P-7: No entry for any vehicles. (h) P-8: Road closed to all vehicles in both directions.

(i) R-9: Motor vehicles other than two-wheeled motorcycles are prohibited from entering. (j) R-10: Motorcycles are prohibited from entering. (k) P-11: Bicycles are prohibited. (l) P-12: Mopeds are prohibited. (m) P-13: Trucks are prohibited.

The indication of the number of metric tons, either in white on the vehicle’s outline or on an additional plate affixed below the P-13 plate, means that the restriction applies only if the maximum permissible weight of the vehicle or combination of vehicles exceeds that number.

(j) R-14: Motor vehicles towing a trailer, other than a semi-trailer or a single-axle trailer, are prohibited from entering.

The indication of the number of metric tons, either in white on the outline of the trailer or on an additional plate affixed below the P-14 plate, means that the restriction applies only if the maximum permissible weight of the trailer exceeds that number.

(i) R-15: No pedestrians allowed. (j) R-16: No animal-drawn vehicles allowed. (xvii) P-17: Handcarts are prohibited. (xviii) P-18: Agricultural machinery is prohibited.

(i) R-19: Motor vehicles are prohibited from entering.

(k) P-20: Certain categories of vehicles (such as motor vehicles and animal-drawn vehicles) are prohibited from entering.

(ka) R-21: Vehicles with a total width exceeding … (e.g., 2 meters) are prohibited from entering.

(kb) R-22: Vehicles with a total height exceeding … (e.g., 3.5 meters) are prohibited from entering.

(kg) R-23: Vehicles with a total weight exceeding . (e.g., 5) metric tons are prohibited from entering.

(k) R-24: Vehicles with an axle load exceeding . (e.g., 2) metric tons are prohibited from entering.

(k) R-25: Vehicles or combinations of vehicles with a length exceeding … (e.g., 10) meters are prohibited from entering.

(f) R-26: It is prohibited to drive a vehicle within a distance of less than (e.g., 70) meters from the vehicle ahead.

(kz) R-27: No left turn. (ke) R-28: No right turn. (k) P-29: U-turns (180-degree turns) are prohibited.

(l) R-30: Motor vehicles, except for two-wheeled motorcycles without a sidecar, are prohibited from passing.

(la) R-31: Drivers of trucks with a maximum authorized weight exceeding 3.5 metric tons are prohibited from passing other vehicles.

The text on sign P-31 or on an additional sign placed below sign P-31 may alter the maximum permitted weight, above which this prohibition applies.

(l) P-32: The maximum speed is limited to the number indicated (50 km) per hour. If a tonnage figure is displayed on an additional sign placed below the P-32 sign, this means that the speed limit applies only to vehicles with a gross weight exceeding that figure.

(lg) R-33: The use of audible warning devices is prohibited (unless such use is intended to prevent an accident).

(ld) P-34: It is prohibited to pass through without stopping at the Customs Office. Replacing the “Customs Office” sign with another sign means that it is prohibited to pass through without stopping at the indicated location.

(l) R-35: It is prohibited to drive through the toll station without stopping.

(f) P-36: Termination of all local restrictions that have been imposed by means of prohibition signs on moving vehicles.

(lz) P-37: End of a speed limit imposed by a prohibitory traffic sign (e.g., 40 km/h).

(l) P-38: End of a no-passing zone indicated by a no-passing sign. (m) P-39: Parking is prohibited. (m) P-40: Stopping and parking are prohibited unless otherwise specified by an additional sign, etc. The prohibitions indicated by the signs apply up to the next intersection and on the side of the roadway where the signs are located.

(ma) R-41: Parking is prohibited on the side of the sign during odd-numbered months.

(mb) R-42: Parking is prohibited on the side indicated by the sign during even-numbered months.

Parking prohibitions and restrictions apply only to the side of the roadway where signs P-41 and P-42 are posted.

(mg) P-43: No-parking zone (time-limited parking).

(md) P-44: Exiting a no-parking zone.

(e) P-45: Vehicles carrying more than a certain quantity of explosive or flammable materials are prohibited from entering.

(mst) R-46: Vehicles carrying more than a certain quantity of substances that may cause water pollution are prohibited from entering.

(m) P-47: Mandatory left turn.

(m) P-48: Mandatory right-turn.

(mth) P-49: Mandatory forward direction of travel.

(n) P-50: Mandatory direction of travel with a left or right turn.

(na) P-50a: Mandatory left turn.

(nb) R-50d: Mandatory right turn.

(ng) P-51a: Mandatory direction of travel: straight ahead or to the left.

(nd) P-51d: Mandatory direction of travel: forward or to the right.

(n) R-52: Mandatory passage either to the right or to the left of the traffic island or obstacle.

(f) R-52a: Mandatory passage only on the left side of the traffic island or obstacle.

(n) P-52d: Mandatory passage only on the right side of the traffic island or obstacle. (o) P-53: Mandatory circular route. (n) P-54: Mandatory bicycle lane (other vehicles prohibited from passing).

(x) P-55: A road designated exclusively for pedestrian use (pedestrian walkway; access prohibited to all except pedestrians, emergency vehicles, and vehicles entering or exiting adjacent properties).

(xa) P-56: Road designated exclusively for horseback riders (access prohibited to all other users except horseback riders using the road).

(xb) P-57: Mandatory minimum speed indicated in white numerals (e.g., 30 km) per hour.

(xg) P-58: End of mandatory minimum speed, indicated by sign P-57.

(xd) P-59: Snow chains are required on at least two of the vehicle’s drive wheels.

(x) P-60: Maximum speed in the area. (xvi) P-61: Exit from an area with a speed limit.

(xz) R-62: End of no-passing zone for trucks, indicated by a no-passing sign.

(x) P-63: The weight of the towed vehicle must not exceed … (e.g., 3) metric tons.

(x) P-64: Trailers carrying hazardous materials are prohibited.

(o) P-65: Each category of users represented by the corresponding symbol must use the side of the corresponding walkway that is specifically designated for that category.

(oa) P-66: The various categories of users represented by the corresponding symbols are permitted to use the special walkway at the same time.

(ob) P-66a: A mixed-use street for vehicles and bicycles.

(og) P-67: Exclusive right-of-way for buses or trolleybuses. (od) P-67a: Exclusive right-of-way for buses, trolleybuses, and bicycles.

(o) P-68: Fee for exclusive use of bus or trolley lanes.

(ost) P-68a: End of the exclusive right-of-way for buses, trolleybuses, and bicycles. (o) P-69: Controlled parking zone. (p) P-70: Parking zone for a specific category of vehicles, e.g., TAXI.

(h) P-71: Parking space reserved exclusively for vehicles of people with disabilities, subject to a special permit.

(a) P-72: Parking space reserved exclusively for a specific vehicle used by a person with a disability, subject to a special permit and registration number.

(pb) R-73a: Mandatory left-turn direction for vehicles transporting dangerous goods.

(pg) R-73d: Vehicles transporting hazardous cargo must drive to the right.

(pd) R-74a: Mandatory left-turn for vehicles transporting hazardous cargo.

(e) R-74d: Vehicles transporting dangerous goods must drive to the right.

(ps) P-75: Requires special attention to vehicles transporting hazardous materials that may cause water pollution. (pz) P-76: Track-only passage. (h) P-77: End of exclusive right-of-way.

The following is permitted:

(a) A combination of a regulatory sign and an additional sign, whereby the regulation applies only to the specific category of road users indicated by the additional sign.

(b) A combination of a regulatory sign and an additional sign, whereby the specific category of road users indicated by the additional sign is exempt from the regulation.

4. Information signs (P-1 through P-136c) are installed to provide information about roads and to assist road users, such as, in particular, directions, numbering, kilometer markers, place names, and facilities.

The meanings of these signs are as follows: a) P-1: Directional warning sign, which is placed on expressways before intersections and displays directions and distances in kilometers.

b) P-2: Directional warning sign, which is placed on expressways before junctions and displays directions and distances in kilometers.

c) P-3: Directional warning signs for major roads, displaying directions and distances in kilometers.

d) P-3a: Directional warning sign indicating directions and distances in kilometers on local roads.

e) P-3b: Directional warning sign, indicating directions to areas of significant tourist or archaeological interest. f) P-4: Warning sign for a dead end on the right. g) P-5: Warning sign for a dead end diagonally to the left.

(h) P-6: Warning sign indicating a mandatory route for a left turn at the next intersection where such a turn is prohibited.

(i) P-7: Warning sign indicating the preferred lane at an intersection on multi-lane roads.

(i) P-8a: Direction indicator for a place name in the form of an arrow.

(k) P-8b: Direction of a place name indicated by an arrow (and in Latin characters).

(l) P-8c: Directional sign for more than one place name, in the form of an arrow.

(m) P-8d: A directional sign, in the form of an arrow, pointing to a place of significant tourist or archaeological interest.

(j) P-9: Direction of a place name, in the form of a rectangle.

(i) P-10: Directions to the airport. (j) P-11: Directions to the campground. (k) P-12: Directions to the Youth Hostel. (xviii) P-13: Numbering of national highways. (xix) P-14: Numbering of international highways. (k) P-15: Road kilometer markers. (ka) P-16: Road kilometer markers.

(kb) P-17: Beginning of a residential area. (kg) P-18: End of a residential area. (kd) P-19: Place names.

(k) P-20: Confirmation sign (example). (l) P-21: Pedestrian crossing. (g) P-21a: Bicycle crossing. (h) P-21b: Parallel pedestrian and bicycle crossings.

(k) P-21c: Shared crossing for pedestrians and bicycles. (l) P-22: Hospital (to prevent or reduce any unnecessary noise). (la) P-23: One-way street. (lb) P-24: One-way street. (lg) P-25: Dead-end street. (ld) P-26: Expressway. (le) P-26a: End of expressway. (o) P-27: Highway. (p) P-27a: End of highway. (q) P-28: Bus or trolley stop. (l) P-28a: Light rail stop. (m) P-29: Mountain road, open or closed, depending on the indications within boxes 1, 2, or 3 of the sign.

(ma) P-30: Snow chains or snow tires are recommended for scenario 2 of P-29.

(mb) P-31: Designated parking area. (c) P-31a: Designated parking area. (d) P-31b: Exit from a designated parking area.

(e) P-31c: Directions to a designated parking area.

(mst) P-31d: Designated bicycle parking area.

(mz) P-32: First-aid station. (mi) P-33: Breakdown repair shop. (mth) P-34: Telephone. (n) P-35: Gas station. (na) P-35a: Electric vehicle charging station. (nb) P-36: Hotel or motel. (nc) P-37: Restaurant. (nd) P-38: Refreshment stand or café. (ne) P-39: Rest area for day-trippers. (nf) P-40: Hiking trailhead. (nf) P-41: Campsites. (nh) P-42: Site for RVs. (nx) P-43: Site for tents and RVs. (nx) P-44: Youth Hostel. (xa) P-45: Tourist information. (xb) P-46: Swimming area. (xc) P-47: Restroom facilities. (xd) P-48: Traffic information radio frequency. (xe) P-49: Tunnel. (xf) P-50: Airport. (xx) P-51: Heliport. (xii) P-52: Air transport. (xiii) P-53: Port. (o) P-54: Tourist port. (oa) P-55: Watercraft port.

(ob) P-56: Port station for commercial car ferries. (og) P-57: Police. (od) P-58: Residential area boundary. (o) P-59: End of residential area. (p) P-60: People with disabilities. (q) P-61: Overpass (above-ground) pedestrian crossing. (o) P-62: Underpass. (p) P-63: Level-crossing without steps.

(p) P-64: Recommended speed.

(a) P-65: General speed limits.

(pb) P-66: A lane reserved exclusively for buses, trolleybuses, trams, motorcycles, or a combination thereof.

(pg) P-67: Speed limits per traffic lane.

(pd) P-68: Minimum speed limits per traffic lane.

(e) P-69: Number and directions of traffic lanes.

(ps) P-69a: Number and directions of traffic lanes.

(p) P-70: Limitation on the number of traffic lanes.

(p) P-70a: Limitation on the number of traffic lanes.

(pth) P-71: Restroom facilities for people with disabilities.

(p) P-72: Directing vehicles to park in a specific area (such as the METRO, for use of this mode of transportation).

(ra) P-73: Sign indicating the direction for vehicles to park in a specific covered area.

(rb) P-73a: Sign indicating the direction for vehicles to park in a specific outdoor area.

(rg) P-74: Direction—marking of hazardous curves.

(rd) P-75: Sequential directional arrows, placed on dangerous curves on major thoroughfares. (re) P-76: Temporary obstacle due to roadwork. (rst) P-77: Indicates that vehicles must pass on the right side of a traffic island or obstacle. This sign is typically combined with, for example, R-52d.

(rz) P-78: Indicates that vehicles must pass on the left side of a traffic island or obstacle. It is typically used in combination with, for example, P-52a.

(h) P-79: Indicates that vehicles must pass to the right or left of a traffic island or obstacle. It is often used in combination with, for example, P-52.

(r) P-80: Approach announcement at a grade-separated interchange (exclusively for highways).

(s) P-81: Directional warning sign before a grade-separated interchange (exclusively for highways).

(sa) P-82: Warning sign indicating the direction of entry onto a highway from a secondary road via a grade-separated interchange.

(sv) P-83: Signage bridge displaying directions before a grade-separated interchange (exclusively for highways).

(cg) P-84: Signage bridge displaying directions before a grade-separated interchange, with one lane of the highway removed.

(sd) P-85: Signage bridge displaying directional signs at the beginning of the highway exit (start of the interchange deceleration lane).

(e) P-86: Exit direction from the highway.

(f) P-87: Confirms entry onto this specific highway after the grade-separated interchange.

(sz) P-88: Warning sign indicating the direction of entry onto the highway.

(P-89): Direction of entry onto the highway.

(s) P-90a, P-90b, P-90c: Warning signs for exiting the highway at a, b, and c, at distances of 300, 200, and 100 meters, respectively, before the start of the junction’s deceleration lane (where sign P-85 is posted).

(t) P-91: Warning sign indicating a mandatory detour route for road vehicles transporting hazardous cargo.

(ta) P-92: Residential zone designated as a low-traffic area.

(tv) P-92a: Fee for a residential area designated as a low-traffic zone.

(td) P-94: Stopping and parking are prohibited. Violators (parked cars) will be towed. (te) P-95: Tram tracks on the roadway. (f) P-95a: Warning sign for an intersection with a dedicated lane for public transportation and bicycles (the direction of the arrows is for illustrative purposes only).

(j) P-98a: A dedicated lane for public transportation, motorcycles, and bicycles traveling in the same direction as the rest of the traffic, as well as for vehicles turning right.

(i) P-99a: Dedicated lane for public transportation and bicycles, flowing in the opposite direction of the rest of the traffic.

(tt) P-100a: Dedicated lane for public transportation and bicycles, running in the opposite direction of traffic.

(y) P-104a: Dedicated lane for public transportation, motorcycles, and bicycles traveling in the same direction as the rest of the traffic.

(ya) P-121: Warning sign indicating the start of a dedicated bicycle lane running parallel to the rest of the traffic.

(y) P-121a: Warning sign indicating the start of a non-exclusive-use bicycle lane that runs parallel to the rest of the traffic.

(h) P-122: Dedicated bicycle lane, running parallel to the rest of the traffic.

(d) P-122a: Non-exclusive-use bicycle lane.

(y) P-123: Dedicated bicycle lane, flowing in the opposite direction of the rest of the traffic.

(f) P-124: A numbered bicycle route that is part of a bicycle network.

(y) P-125: Bicycle direction sign for a place name, in the form of an arrow.

(y) P-130: Warning sign for an intersection with a dedicated bicycle lane.

(y) P-131: Dedicated bicycle lane, running in the opposite direction of traffic. (f) P-132: Emergency telephone. (fa) P-133: Fire extinguisher.

(fb) P-134a, P-134b: Emergency stopping area. Indicates the area that drivers may use to stop or park in case of an emergency or danger. If this area is equipped with an emergency telephone and/or a fire extinguisher, the sign must bear the symbols of signs P-132 and/or P-133, either at the bottom of the sign or in a rectangular frame placed below the sign.

(fg) P-135a, P: 135b: Emergency exits. These signs indicate the location of emergency exits.

(f) P-136a, P-136b, P-136c: Emergency exits. These signs indicate the direction and distance to the nearest emergency exit. In tunnels, they must be placed at a maximum distance of fifty (50) meters from one another and at a height of one (1) to one and a half (1.5) meters above the sidewalk.

Signs P-135a, P-135b, P-136a, P-136b, and P-136c have a green background, and the symbols, arrows, and distances are white or light-colored. Traffic regulations displayed in residential areas—such as speed limits, and the prohibition on the use of audible devices and warning signals, apply from sign P-17 or P-58 to sign P-18 or P-59, except for those sections of the road within a residential area where other signs indicate different regulations.

Regulatory signs placed at this location alongside sign P-17 or P-18 apply along the entire length of the road, within the residential area, unless otherwise specified by other signs on certain sections of that road.

5. Additional signs (Pr-1 through Pr-19b) must always be placed in conjunction with other (primary) traffic signs to indicate distance, length, and other clarifying details regarding the validity of the main signs.

The meaning of these signs is: a) Pr-1: Distance from the sign’s location to the beginning of the hazardous area or the area to which the rule or restriction specified by the sign applies (e.g., 200 m).

b) Pr-2: Length of the hazardous section or area to which the rule or restriction indicated on the sign applies (e.g., 1 kilometer).

c) Pr-3a: Point at which sign P-39 or P-40, placed parallel to the centerline of the road, takes effect. The sign’s effect extends for … (e.g., 10 m) from the sign’s location in the direction of the arrow.

d) Pr-3b: Indication of the validity of a P-39 or P-40 sign placed parallel to the centerline of the road. The sign’s validity extends for … (e.g., 5 m) on both sides of the sign’s location.

e) Pr-3c: End of validity of sign P-39 or P-40, placed parallel to the centerline of the road. The sign’s effect extends for … (e.g., 10 m) from the sign’s location in the direction of the arrow.

(f) Pr-4a: Point at which a P-39 or P-40 sign, placed perpendicular to the axis of the road, takes effect.

(g) Pr-4b: A duplicate of sign P-39 or P-40, placed perpendicular to the axis of the road.

(h) Pr-4c: Expiration of a P-39 or P-40 sign placed perpendicular to the axis of the road.

(i) Pr-4d: Permitted only for vehicles driven by people with disabilities, subject to a special permit.

(i) Pr-4e: Only vehicles driven by persons with disabilities are exempt, subject to special authorization.

“Vehicles for persons with disabilities” are defined as those belonging to persons with disabilities that display the special emblem in the upper right corner of the rear window, which is issued by the competent Regional Directorate of Transportation and Communications. (k) Pr-5: Ice. (l) Pr-6: Rain.

(i) Pr-7: Right-of-way at an intersection (e.g., a–d).

(j) Pr-8: Right-of-way at a T-intersection (e.g., a-b).

(j) Pr-9: Direction priority at a fork (e.g., a-c).

(f) Pr-10: Priority of direction at a fork (e.g., a-b).

(i) Pr-11: Priority of direction at a fork (e.g., a-b).

(i) Pr-12: Right-of-way at a Y-shaped intersection (e.g., a-c).

(i) Pr-13: Right-of-way at a Y-shaped intersection (e.g., a-b).

(k) Pr-14a: Dangerous tight left turn. (ka) Pr-14d: Dangerous tight right turn. (kb) Pr-15a: Left recovery maneuver. (kc) Pr-15d: Right-hand U-turn. (kd) Pr-16: Permitted only for the specific class of vehicles depicted by the symbol. VEHICLE SYMBOLS (kda) Pr-16a: Horse-drawn vehicle. (kdb) Pr-16b: Handcart. (kdg) Pr-16c: Bicycle. (kdd) Pr-16d: Moped. (kde) Pr-16e: Motorcycle or three-wheeled vehicle. (kdst) Pr-16st: Passenger vehicle. (k) Pr-16g: Passenger vehicle with a single-axle trailer.

(kdi) Pr-16h: Agricultural machinery. (kdth) Pr-16i: Bus or trolleybus. (kdi) Pr-16j: Truck. (kdia) Pr-16ia: Articulated truck. (kdib) Pr-16ib: Truck with a trailer, other than a single-axle trailer.

(kdi) Pr-16ig: Truck with a single-axle trailer.

(kd) Pr-16id: A vehicle carrying more than a certain quantity of explosive or flammable materials. (kdi) Pr-16ie: A rail vehicle. (ke) Pr-17: Only the specific category of vehicles depicted by the symbol is exempt (from the current regulation) (numbering corresponds to Pr-16). (f) Pr-18a: Permitted only for “TAXIS.” (g) Pr-18b: Only “TAXIS” are exempt. (h) Pr-19a: Electric Vehicles.

If the sign is used for stopping or parking, it applies only for the duration of the vehicle’s recharging. (k) Pr-19b: Electric vehicles are exempt. If the sign is used for stopping or parking, it applies only for the duration of the vehicle’s recharging.

6. The shape, form, colors, and inscriptions on each of the road signs referred to in this article are shown in the table of road sign designs, which is attached hereto as Appendix A. Upon approval by the Road Infrastructure Directorate of the General Secretariat for Infrastructure of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transportation, manufactured, and installed informational road signs resulting from a combination of two or more signs from the relevant table of road sign designs in this Code.

7. Road signs are manufactured and installed in accordance with the specifications of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transportation.

8. To facilitate the interpretation of traffic signs or to limit the application of regulatory signs to certain categories of vehicles or during certain time periods, explanatory text or symbols may be added within a rectangular box below the sign. Such text or symbols may be included on the sign provided that they do not make it difficult to understand.

9. Pursuant to the decision set forth in paragraph 1 of Article 112 and in accordance with the relevant specific specifications, it is possible to:

a) road signs must be mounted on a suitable backing that is larger than the license plate of the same or another vehicle, so that the sign is more clearly visible. For this purpose, the background may be a color different from that of the sign, but in any case must also differ from the colors used for the categories of license plates specified in this article, and may incorporate special materials—particularly phosphorescent ones—and reflective elements,

(b) to install signs in the form of illuminated displays with variable messages. The same decision specifies the operating procedures for such signs, their categories, their locations, the messages that may be displayed on the sign, the meaning of each message, and any other necessary details,

10. Traffic signs are intended for drivers who are traveling across the entire width of the roadway open to traffic, unless, by their appropriate placement, they are intended exclusively for those driving in one or more traffic lanes separated by longitudinal markings or appropriate dividing barriers.

11. Penalties for a driver who fails to comply with the obligations imposed by:

(a) regulatory signs P-1 and P-29, or a combination of these with additional signs, and sign P-2 or a combination of this sign with additional signs, are classified in category E3-B,

b) the P-2 or P-29 sign, or a combination thereof with additional signs, are classified in category E4, and the offender is subject to an administrative fine of seven hundred (700) euros and an on-the-spot suspension of their driver’s license for sixty (60) days, if the noncompliance results in a traffic accident. If the driver causes a traffic accident resulting in serious bodily injury, significant damage to public infrastructure, or the death of a large number of people, the penalties set forth in subparagraphs (cc) and dd) of paragraph 1 of Article 290A of the Penal Code (Law 4619/2019, A’ 95),

(c) vehicles bearing license plates P-3, P-4, P-34, P-35, P-69, P-75, or a combination of these with additional license plates, are classified in category E1-A,

(d) signs P-5, P-6, P-32, P-39, P-40, P-41, P-42, P-43, P-47, P-48, P-49, P-50, P-50a, P-50d, P-51a, P-51d, P-52a, P-52d, P-52, P-53, P-57, P-59, P-60, P-63, P-70, or a combination thereof with additional plates, are classified in category E1-B,

e) signs P-7, P-8, P-9, P-10, P-11, P-12, P-13, P-14, P-18, P-19, P-20, P-21, P-22, P-23, P-24, P-25, P-26, P-27, P-28, P-30, P-31, P-45, P-46, P-64, P-73a, P-73d, P-74a, P-74d, or a combination thereof with additional plates, are classified in category E2-B,

(f) signs P-15, P-16, P-17, or a combination of these with additional signs, are classified in category E2-A,

(g) license plates P-33, P-54, P-55, P-56, P-65, P-66, P-66a, P-67, P-67a, P-76, or a combination thereof with additional plates, are classified in category E1-A and category S,

(h) Vehicles bearing signs P-71, P-72, or a combination of these with additional signs are classified in Class E2-B and Class S.